Literature Review 2

Branch, Taylor. “The Shame of College Sports.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 30 Aug. 2019, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/10/the-shame-of-college-sports/308643/.

The Shame of College Sports discusses how universities are focused on their own financial agenda and how they use student-athletes to gain millions a year. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has made college sports a multi-million-dollar business and they do so by exploiting student-athletes. This has frustrated many student-athletes and has brought many lawsuits against the NCAA. The NCAA is a non-profit organization but they some how profit more than universities and the actual people bringing in this money, the amateur. By recognizing student-athletes as amateurs they cannot be paid for all their hard work and sacrifice.

The author Taylor Branch is well known author and public speaker. He seems very knowledgeable and respected so there is no reason to doubt his work. One term I picked is amateur, a person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport, on an unpaid rather than a professional basis. The second term is restitution rule, which permits the NCAA to punish a university who permits an athlete to play during a court-ordered preliminary injunction that later gets reversed or vacated. This means that if a court were to enjoin a student-athlete's suspension pending the outcome of a lawsuit, the university risks significant punishment if it allows the student-athlete to play during the injunction. The following are three quotes I picked. These quotes help with my research paper because it shows different ways the NCAA continued to make rules so that student-athletes could not profit in the way that they did.

 “That money comes from a combination of ticket sales, concession sales, merchandise, licensing fees, and other sources—but the great bulk of it comes from television contracts.”

“the NCAA in 1948 enacted a “Sanity Code,” which was supposed to prohibit all concealed and indirect benefits for college athletes; any money for athletes was to be limited to transparent scholarships awarded solely on financial need. Schools that violated this code would be expelled from NCAA membership and thus exiled from competitive sports”

“Using the “student-athlete” defense, colleges have compiled a string of victories in liability cases.”